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Experimental Subsolidus Studies on Epidote Minerals

Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Botticelli 23, 20133 Milano, Italy

Max W. Schmidt

Institute for Mineralogy and Petrology, ETH, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

	INTRODUCTION

 
Despite the fact that epidote group minerals are very typical for metamorphism at very low pressure, e.g., in geothermal fields (Bird and Spieler 2004), the first successful synthesis of zoisite and epidote_ss was reported by Coes (1955) in a paper in the Journal of American Ceramic Society entitled "High pressure minerals." Synthesis conditions were 1 GPa at 800°C; zoisite was obtained from a mixture of kaolin, SiO₂, CaO, and CaCl₂, whereas epidote was formed by adding FeCl₂•H₂O to the previous mixture. Once experimental facilities enabled pressures exceeding a few hundred MPa, zoisite and epidote minerals were easily obtained from a variety of starting materials, made of oxides, gels and glasses.

Historically, early experimental studies on epidote focused on the formation at low pressure conditions, and then ventured into the simple system CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-H₂O at conditions attainable by piston cylinder equipment (Newton and Kennedy 1963; Boettcher 1970) in which zoisite was found to have an extremely large temperature stability. Then, the role of Fe³⁺ was investigated systematically at pressures typical for the middle and lower continental crust (Holdaway 1972; Liou 1973). Epidote minerals in bulk compositions directly applicable to natural rocks were not investigated experimentally until the early 70’s (Liou et al. 1974; Apted and Liou 1983). Subsequent studies in the context of the very popular hydrous phase stabilities at subduction conditions in the 90’s extended the experimentally determined stability of epidote_ss in natural compositions to 3.5 GPa. With the relatively easy access to multi-anvil machines, the pressure stability of zoisite was defined (Poli and Schmidt 1998).

The increasing number of experimental studies on epidote minerals reveals that the members of this group of ubiquitous rock forming minerals have huge stability . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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