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Thermochemistry of Sulfide Mineral Solutions

OFM Research, 28430 NE 47^th Place, Redmond, Washington, 98053-8841, U.S.A., e-mail: fahlore@centurytel.net or rosack@ofm-research.org

Denton S. Ebel

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79^th Street, New York, New York, 10024-5192, U.S.A., e-mail: debel@amnh.org or dsebel@ofm-research.org

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

	INTRODUCTION

 
In the sulfide mineral assemblages commonly found in terrestrial rocks, the major elements are S with the metals Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ag and semimetals As and Sb. Minor elements include Te, Se; the metals Ni, Cd, Co, Mn and the semimetals Hg and Bi. Particular ore deposits can be characterized using specific subsystems containing these elements (e.g., McKinstry 1963). Previous reviews have summarized in detail the phase relations in binary, ternary, and higher-order systems. These include Barton (1970), the first volume in this series (Craig and Scott 1976), excellent chapters by Barton and Skinner (1967, 1979), and Vaughan and Craig (1997) in Barnes’ valuable compendium, and particularly the comprehensive volume by Vaughan and Craig (1978, chapter 8). Characteristics of a few important subsystems are briefly presented here, but our emphasis is on new results since 1980, with an emphasis on equations of state suitable for computer-assisted calculation of phase relations applicable to terrestrial ore deposits, and generally to assemblages quenchable from natural systems. Most of these new results focus on the properties of sulfide mineral solutions and phase relations in portions of the supersystem Ag₂S-Cu₂S-ZnS-FeS-PbS-Sb₂S₃-As₂S₃-Bi₂S₃-Au-S₂.

Solid solutions of a few minerals in this multisystem constitute a significant fraction of many hydrothermal ores, particular when they are initially deposited. Some of these solid solutions are not quenchable in phase (e.g., (Ag,Cu)₂S solid solutions) or composition (e.g., PbS-AgSbS₂-AgBiS₂ galena solid solution), their instability with cooling giving rise to a multiplicity of more nearly stoichiometric sulfides and/or an exceeding diverse suite of modular sulfosalts (e.g., Skinner 1966; Hall and Czamanske 1972; Anthony et al. 1990; Makovicky 1997; see also in this volume Makovicky 2006). Here we summarize activity-composition . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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