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Inelastic Scattering and Applications

Intense Pulsed Neutron Source Division Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439-4814, U.S.A. e-mail: ckloong@anl.gov

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

	INTRODUCTION

 
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) in general refers to scattering processes which involve energy and momentum exchange between the neutron and the scatterer. It is widely utilized for characterization of materials in basic and applied research across many disciplines including mineralogy. Obviously, the title here encompasses an area too vast to be adequately introduced in depth or in breadth in a single chapter. Thus the author hastens to confine the scope of this introduction to include mainly the basic concepts, some recent development in instrumentation, and a few illustrative examples. In the examples, we concentrate on showing the INS spectra as compared with the expected scattering cross section and pointing out the significant features rather than dwelling on the detailed interpretation. Further information regarding derivation of scattering formulation, discussion of techniques, and reviews of various subfields is referred to in the references.

Subjected to conservation of the total energy and momentum of the neutron+scatterer system, the energy and momentum transfer for a neutron which has undergone inelastic scattering are defined as:

(1)

and

(2)

where E is the energy and the product of the Planck’s constant and the wavevector is the momentum. Subscripts 0 and 1 denote quantities pertaining to the incident and scattered neutrons, respectively. Positive and negative energy transfer E corresponds to, respectively, scattering with neutron energy loss and neutron energy gain, or, by analogy of Raman scattering, the Stokes and anti-Stokes lines. However, in case of light scattering, the wavevector Q is essentially zero hence Raman and IR spectroscopy measure only the Brillouin-zone-center modes of crystallite solids, where neutrons probe wave vectors spanning the entire Brillouin zone.

The goal of INS is to measure precisely the double differential cross section defined as:

(3)

where ,, N, m_n, are the scattering cross-section, solid angle, number of scattering units in the . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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